Venereal disease, commonly referred to as “VD,” is a historical term once used to describe what we now know as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The term VD became widely recognized in the early to mid-20th century, often associated with diseases like syphilis and gonorrhea. These infections were a significant public health concern, leading to nationwide campaigns to reduce the spread of these diseases during and after World War II.
While VD is less commonly used today, understanding its historical significance helps shed light on the importance of sexual health awareness. Today, most healthcare professionals and organizations use STI or STD to refer to infections spread primarily through sexual contact, reflecting a more nuanced understanding of how these infections affect individuals. The infections once classified as VD are still relevant today, making it essential to get tested regularly to protect your health.
The History and Timeline of VD
Venereal disease is a term that traces its origins to the Latin word “venereus,” meaning “pertaining to sexual love.” The term was first used in the late 15th century, reflecting the belief that these diseases were primarily spread through sexual activity. Historically, diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and chancroid (a now relatively rare STI) were the most commonly classified as VD, and the term was widely used throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries to refer to what is now called sexually transmitted infections.
Creating a Public Conversation About VD
VD was becoming endemic in the early 20th century. It was estimated that one in ten people would contract syphilis during their lifetime, and two to three times as many would contract gonorrhea. Unfortunately, media and polite conversation made VD a taboo topic, so most people didn’t discuss the potential dangers of infection until the 1930s, when attitudes toward infectious diseases shifted.
The United States began a nationwide campaign to “stamp out” VD, getting posters, infographics, films, and other visuals in front of people daily. These campaign materials were shared in media, at work and school, and in various public spaces. The government was also allocating millions of dollars to help fight these venereal diseases.
Fighting Against VD During War
During World War I, VD was a major issue for soldiers, who were at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections during their time abroad. Symptoms from acute gonorrhea left soldiers unable to fight, and syphilis left individuals with disabilities years after the initial infection. These diseases had no effective treatments available, so to prevent the spread, soldiers were ordered to refrain from sexual contact while overseas.
Governments worldwide launched large-scale campaigns to curb the spread of these diseases, focusing on education, prevention, and treatment. France legalized prostitution before the war, paving the way for licensed brothels where the women received regular medical examinations. However, the war disrupted much of the country’s order, opening the door to unregistered French sex workers who could be servicing up to forty men per day. These women posed a particular danger to soldiers’ health as the gonorrhea bacteria may reside in the vagina for long time periods without symptoms.
Different nations approached VD prevention in various ways during World War I and II, such as the approved use of licensed brothels, armies providing soldiers with condoms, or strict military orders for abstinence. Despite these efforts, venereal diseases remained a serious concern.
In the post-war period, the development of penicillin revolutionized the treatment of infections like syphilis, significantly reducing their impact on public health. As medical understanding advanced, the term VD gradually fell out of favor in the late 20th century.
Types of Diseases Classified as VD
Syphilis
As one of the most historically significant venereal diseases, syphilis, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, has been a public health concern for centuries, with records of its spread dating back to the late 15th century. During this time, syphilis caused widespread fear due to its severe symptoms and lack of effective treatment.
Background and Historical Classification as VD
Syphilis was classified as a venereal disease because of its transmission primarily through sexual contact. In its early stages, syphilis presents with a painless sore, known as a chancre, at the site of infection, typically appearing on the genitals, anus, or mouth. Left untreated, syphilis progresses through several stages, leading to serious complications like damage to the brain, heart, and other vital organs. In the pre-antibiotic era, syphilis was often chronic and debilitating, making it a significant part of VD awareness campaigns.
Medical Advancements and Changing Perceptions
The discovery of penicillin in the 1940s revolutionized syphilis treatment. Penicillin is highly effective at curing syphilis, especially when administered in the early stages. This medical breakthrough not only changed the perception of syphilis but also significantly reduced its public health impact. Previously seen as a life-threatening and chronic illness, syphilis became a manageable infection with early detection and proper treatment.
Today, syphilis is still a concern, but medical advancements make it easily treatable if caught early. Regular testing is crucial, as symptoms of syphilis can sometimes be mild or mistaken for other conditions.
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea has long been recognized as a prominent venereal disease. Caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonorrhea primarily infects the mucus membranes of the reproductive tract, but can also affect the throat, eyes, and rectum. Its prevalence and the ease with which it spreads through sexual contact made it a prominent focus of early public health efforts.
Background and Historical Classification as VD
Gonorrhea has been recognized as a sexually transmitted infection for centuries, often referred to as “the clap” in historical texts. Like syphilis, gonorrhea was classified as a VD because of its mode of transmission through sexual activity. Left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to serious health complications, including infertility in both men and women, and it can also increase the risk of contracting other sexually transmitted diseases like HIV.
Medical Advancements and Changing Perceptions
The advent of antibiotics in the mid-20th century brought about significant advancements in treating gonorrhea. Early treatment with antibiotics like penicillin was incredibly effective in curing the infection, transforming gonorrhea from a long-term, potentially life-altering illness into one that could be managed with early detection and treatment.
However, in recent years, antibiotic-resistant strains of gonorrhea have emerged, posing new challenges for treatment. While gonorrhea remains treatable, it now requires a more careful approach, often involving dual antibiotic therapy to combat resistance.
Despite these challenges, the key to managing gonorrhea remains early detection and prompt treatment. Regular testing is essential, as many cases of gonorrhea are asymptomatic, meaning individuals may not realize they are infected.
The Historical Impact of VD and Public Health Campaigns
The fight against venereal diseases was crucial in shaping public health efforts throughout the 20th century. One of the most significant periods for VD prevention occurred during and after World War II, when the United States government, through the Public Health Service and later the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), spearheaded large-scale public health campaigns to curb the spread of sexually transmitted diseases like syphilis and gonorrhea.
VD Prevention During WWII
World War II was a turning point in public health awareness around VD. With large numbers of soldiers deployed overseas, the risk of sexually transmitted infection increased dramatically. In response, the U.S. military, in collaboration with public health officials, launched extensive educational campaigns aimed at preventing the spread of VD among servicemen. These campaigns included distributing pamphlets, producing instructional films, and installing posters in public spaces and military camps.
The Public Health Service also produced films like “To the People of the United States” and “Easy to Get,” which were shown to military personnel and civilians to emphasize the importance of VD prevention. These films, while often dramatized, helped reduce stigma and raise awareness about the risks of syphilis and gonorrhea, stressing the need for testing, treatment, and responsible sexual behavior.
Post-War Public Health Efforts and the Role of the CDC
Following the war, the momentum to address VD carried into civilian life. In 1946, the CDC was founded (then known as the Communicable Disease Center), and VD prevention remained a key part of its mission. Public health campaigns began to focus not only on soldiers but on the general population. These efforts included widespread testing and treatment initiatives, aiming to eliminate the stigma around testing and normalize conversations about sexual health.
Campaigns in the post-war era marked a shift in public perception. VD was no longer seen as a moral failing but rather as a treatable medical condition. Public health officials worked to destigmatize venereal disease and emphasize the importance of seeking early treatment. As a result, public awareness increased, and the stigma surrounding VD began to diminish. These campaigns were successful in reducing transmission rates and raising awareness, leading to improved public health outcomes.
The influence of these early campaigns is still felt today, as modern efforts to combat sexually transmitted infections continue to build on the foundation laid by these historical public health initiatives.
VD in the Age of Modern Medicine
The evolution of medical treatments for venereal diseases (or sexually transmitted infections) represents a significant advancement in public health. From the rudimentary treatments of past centuries to the highly effective antibiotics of today, the progress made in combating diseases like syphilis and chlamydia has transformed sexual health.
Progress in Medical Treatments
Medical advancements have dramatically improved the treatment of STIs. Penicillin was a breakthrough treatment for syphilis, decreasing widespread suffering. Gonorrhea, once feared for its debilitating symptoms, can be treated effectively with antibiotics when diagnosed early.
Beyond these sexually transmitted infections, other STIs like herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HIV have also seen advances in treatment. While herpes and HPV remain incurable, antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and reduce transmission rates. For HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART) has turned what was once a fatal disease into a manageable condition, with individuals living long and health lives with proper treatment.
The Importance of Regular Testing
Despite the availability of treatments, the importance of regular testing cannot be overstated. Many STIs, including chlamydia and gonorrhea, can be asymptomatic, meaning individuals may not know they are infected. Regular testing is crucial for early detection, which allows for timely treatment and reduces the risk of long-term complications, such as infertility or the spread of infection to sexual partners.
Testing is also vital in preventing the further spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of STIs. By identifying infections early and following proper treatment protocols, healthcare professionals can help prevent the development and spread of resistant bacteria.
As medical treatments for venereal diseases advanced, so did the terminology. The outdated term “venereal disease” or “VD” gave way to more precise language like “sexually transmitted disease” and “sexually transmitted infection,” reflecting a broader understanding of the infections, including those that may not cause immediate or visible symptoms.
“Sexually transmitted infection” is now the preferred terms, as it highlights the fact that many infections can exist without causing disease, especially in the early stages. This shift in terminology also reinforces the importance of early testing and treatment before infections progress to more severe stages.
While VD is now an outdated term, it serves as a reminder of the significant progress that has been made in the understanding, treatment, and prevention of sexually transmitted infections.
No Matter the Name, Your Sexual Health is a Priority – Get Tested Today with Priority STD
While the term venereal disease may have fallen out of use, the need to address these infections is as relevant as ever.
Today, regular testing is the cornerstone of STI prevention and treatment. Regardless of whether or not symptoms are present, testing is essential for detecting infections early and preventing their spread. In an age where medical advancements allow for effective treatments and even cures, taking responsibility for your sexual health through regular testing is one of the best steps you can take for your well-being.
At Priority STD Testing, we make testing easy, fast, and confidential. Whether you’re concerned about a specific infection or simply taking a proactive approach to your health, we’re here to help. Explore our testing options today and take control of your sexual health.